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Introducing the principle of a fully open-lid centrifuge.
Introducing the principle of a fully open-lid centrifuge.
Nov 13, 2025
The principle of a fully open-lid centrifuge is that when a suspension containing fine particles is stationary, the suspended particles gradually sink due to gravity. Heavier particles sink faster, while particles with a density less than the liquid float. The speed of a particle in a gravitational field depends on its size, shape, and density, as well as the strength of the gravitational field and the viscosity of the liquid. Under normal gravity, particles the size of red blood cells, with diameters of a few micrometers, can be observed.
Furthermore, when a substance settles in a medium, diffusion occurs. Diffusion is unconditional and inversely proportional to the mass of the diffusing substance; the smaller the particle, the more severe the diffusion. Settlement is relative and conditional, requiring external force. It is directly proportional to the weight of the settling object; the larger the particle, the faster the settling. For particles smaller than a few micrometers, such as viruses or proteins, which are in a colloidal or semi-colloidal state in solution, the sedimentation process cannot be observed by gravity alone. This is because smaller particles settle more slowly, and diffusion is more pronounced. Therefore, a fully open-lid centrifuge is needed to generate strong centrifugal force, forcing these particles to overcome diffusion and settle. Centrifugation utilizes the strong centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation of the centrifuge rotor to accelerate the settling velocity of particles in a liquid, separating substances with different sedimentation coefficients and buoyant densities in a sample.
Precautions for using a fully open-lid centrifuge:
1. To ensure safety and centrifugation efficiency, the instrument must be placed on a stable, level workbench, and no items should be placed on the engineering plastic lid. Samples should be placed symmetrically, and the nuts should be tightened before starting the machine.
2. Before use, check the rotor for scratches, corrosion, etc. Also, check the centrifuge cups for cracks and aging. If any issues are found, stop using immediately and contact the manufacturer. Before starting the machine, always tighten the clamping nut on the rotor head to prevent the high-speed rotating head from flying off and causing an accident.
3. The speed setting must not exceed the specified limits to ensure safe operation of the machine.
4. If 0.00 or other numbers appear during use, and the machine does not run, turn off the power. It should restart after 10 seconds. After displaying the set speed, press the run button again, and the machine will run normally.
5. If the specific gravity of the sample to be separated exceeds 1.2 g/cm³, the rotational speed N needs to be corrected according to the following formula: N = NMAX * (1.2 / sample specific gravity)¹/², where NMAX = rotor limit speed.
6. Do not open the centrifuge lid when it is running with the lid fully open or when the rotor has not stopped to avoid accidents.
7. Centrifuge cups must be filled with equal amounts of sample, and the rotor should not be allowed to run under unbalanced conditions.
8. Each centrifuge run should not exceed 60 minutes.
9. The centrifuge needs to be reliably grounded; unplug the power cord when the machine is not in use.
Furthermore, when a substance settles in a medium, diffusion occurs. Diffusion is unconditional and inversely proportional to the mass of the diffusing substance; the smaller the particle, the more severe the diffusion. Settlement is relative and conditional, requiring external force. It is directly proportional to the weight of the settling object; the larger the particle, the faster the settling. For particles smaller than a few micrometers, such as viruses or proteins, which are in a colloidal or semi-colloidal state in solution, the sedimentation process cannot be observed by gravity alone. This is because smaller particles settle more slowly, and diffusion is more pronounced. Therefore, a fully open-lid centrifuge is needed to generate strong centrifugal force, forcing these particles to overcome diffusion and settle. Centrifugation utilizes the strong centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation of the centrifuge rotor to accelerate the settling velocity of particles in a liquid, separating substances with different sedimentation coefficients and buoyant densities in a sample.
Precautions for using a fully open-lid centrifuge:
1. To ensure safety and centrifugation efficiency, the instrument must be placed on a stable, level workbench, and no items should be placed on the engineering plastic lid. Samples should be placed symmetrically, and the nuts should be tightened before starting the machine.
2. Before use, check the rotor for scratches, corrosion, etc. Also, check the centrifuge cups for cracks and aging. If any issues are found, stop using immediately and contact the manufacturer. Before starting the machine, always tighten the clamping nut on the rotor head to prevent the high-speed rotating head from flying off and causing an accident.
3. The speed setting must not exceed the specified limits to ensure safe operation of the machine.
4. If 0.00 or other numbers appear during use, and the machine does not run, turn off the power. It should restart after 10 seconds. After displaying the set speed, press the run button again, and the machine will run normally.
5. If the specific gravity of the sample to be separated exceeds 1.2 g/cm³, the rotational speed N needs to be corrected according to the following formula: N = NMAX * (1.2 / sample specific gravity)¹/², where NMAX = rotor limit speed.
6. Do not open the centrifuge lid when it is running with the lid fully open or when the rotor has not stopped to avoid accidents.
7. Centrifuge cups must be filled with equal amounts of sample, and the rotor should not be allowed to run under unbalanced conditions.
8. Each centrifuge run should not exceed 60 minutes.
9. The centrifuge needs to be reliably grounded; unplug the power cord when the machine is not in use.
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